High Cholesterol

Causes:

High cholesterol can be caused by various factors, including:

Genetic factors:

Some people have a genetic predisposition to high cholesterol, which may be inherited from their parents.

Unhealthy diet:

Consuming foods high in saturated fats and trans fats, along with excessive intake of cholesterol-rich foods, can contribute to high cholesterol levels.

Lack of physical activity:

Sedentary lifestyle and inadequate exercise can contribute to high cholesterol.

‍Obesity:

Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of high cholesterol.

Certain medical conditions:

Underlying conditions such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, and liver disease can also contribute to high cholesterol levels.

Symptoms:

High cholesterol itself does not cause symptoms. It is often referred to as a “silent” condition. However, over time, high cholesterol can lead to the formation of plaque in the arteries, which can cause symptoms related to narrowed or blocked blood vessels. These symptoms may include angina (chest pain), shortness of breath, heart attack, stroke, or peripheral artery disease

Diagnosis:

High cholesterol is diagnosed through a blood test called a lipid profile or lipid panel. This test measures various types of cholesterol in the blood, including total cholesterol, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (often referred to as “bad” cholesterol), HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (often referred to as “good” cholesterol), and triglycerides. The American Heart Association recommends adults get their cholesterol checked every four to six years, starting from the age of 20.

Treatment:

The treatment of high cholesterol aims to reduce the risk of heart disease and other complications. It typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes and, in some cases, medication. Here are some key approaches:

Lifestyle changes:

This includes adopting a heart-healthy diet (low in saturated and trans fats, and high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins), regular exercise (at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week), weight management, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption.

Medication:

If lifestyle changes alone aren’t sufficient, healthcare providers may prescribe medications such as statins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants, or cholesterol absorption inhibitors to help lower cholesterol levels.

Regular monitoring:

Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are important to monitor cholesterol levels and adjust treatment as necessary.